174,045 Veterans Not Referred — and in 87% of Cases, Nobody Wrote Down Why
HUD-VASH pairs housing vouchers with VA case management for homeless veterans. GAO found 174,045 instances of eligible veterans not referred in 2020–2024, the reason undocumented 87% of the time, and case-manager turnover of 20–26% a year.
HUD-VASH is the flagship federal answer to veteran homelessness: a HUD housing voucher welded to VA case management. In FY2024 the money was real — $904 million in HUD obligations and over $1.127 billion from the VA. HUD estimated 32,882 veterans experienced homelessness on a single night in January 2024.
GAO’s analysis of VA data found 174,045 instances between 2020 and 2024 of veterans not being referred to the program — and in 151,296 of them, 87 percent, the VA failed to document the reason. Without the reason, VA cannot assess unmet need, cannot tell a full program from a broken door, and cannot target hiring where the gap is.
The workforce underneath is churning: in FY2024 more than a quarter of medical centers with two or more case managers had at least 20 percent of those positions unfilled, and turnover ran 20 to 26 percent a year, driven partly by burnout. GAO recommended VA collect comprehensive non-referral data and act on it; VA agreed.
"VA did not document the reason in 151,296 (87 percent)"
— GAO-26-107517
Source: GAO — Veteran Homelessness Programs: Opportunities to Improve Data Collection and Establish an Evaluation Plan. Part of the VA Fraud library — see also the case files for the prosecutions these systems produced.